To What Do Medical Check-Up?
Health is expensive, but when ill be much more expensive costs. Therefore, prevention is better than cure. As a precautionary measure, medical check-ups can be done to determine the health condition, as well as to detect a disease early.
The earlier a disease is detected, the sooner help can be given. In this way, the disease does not progress to a more serious stage, while preventing aid is more complicated.
Medical check-up required by women and men, both young and the elderly. People who look healthy even need to conduct medical check-ups, especially to check the level of health as well as the possibility of a serious disease that has not shown any symptoms.
In general, the following could be a list of things that are checked through medical check-ups.
Weight
Body mass index (body mass index / BMI) is not normal can lead to various diseases. Obesity can increase the risk of stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, hypertension, and cancer. While the physical conditions that are too thin risk of weakening the immune system, resulting in osteoporosis, and anemia. Therefore, it is important to check their BMI every two years for people aged under 50 years and once a year for those above 50 years.
Actual BMI can be calculated at home. How: weight (kg) / height (m) 2. Normal BMI for Asian population is 18.5 to 22.9. However, if you experience drastic weight loss, overweight, or have a BMI that is not normal, immediately consult a doctor to handle it.
Blood sugar
This test is done for people aged 45 years and over, at least once every three years. However, if you have the risk of diabetes, consult a doctor to undergo a test, and more often, for example every year.
Additionally, if you experience symptoms such as weight dropped dramatically for no apparent reason, frequent thirst and hunger, tingling in hands or feet, as well as frequent urination, immediately do this test to ensure the possibility of diabetes. Before performing the test, you are advised to fast for 8 hours. Fasting blood sugar test will show one of the following results:
Normal: 70-100 mg / dL
Pre-diabetes: 100-125 mg / dL
Diabetes: ≥ 126 mg / dL
Blood pressure
Normal blood pressure for age under 60 years old is the top number (systolic) is less than 140 mm Hg and the bottom number (diastolic) is less than 90, or read 140/90. While the age of 60 years, the normal standard is less than 150/90 mm Hg. Blood pressure above the normal mean of hypertension (high blood pressure).
For normal people, the test can be done every 1-2 years. Meanwhile, people who suffer from hypertension or hypotension need to be tested every year or more often.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is basically a type of fat needed by the body, but excessive amounts can clog arteries and lead to heart disease and stroke. Cholesterol is as follows:
Good cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein / HDL) should be above 60 mg / dL.
Bad cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein / LDL) should be below 100 mg / dL.
Triglycerides should be less than 150 mg / dL.
Total cholesterol should be below 200 mg / dL.
For people with health conditions are normal, the test can be done every five years, starting from the age of 35 years. However, if you are obese, have diabetes or hypertension, a history of heart disease or stroke in the family, smoking, this test can be started from the age of 20 years and need more frequent. As blood sugar tests, cholesterol tests require blood samples.
Heart health
The heart is a vital organ in the human body. Cardiac screening test can be done with an electrocardiogram (ECG) or known as the heart of the record. Tests conducted to determine the heart's electrical activity. With this test can detect any abnormal heart rhythms or other disorders such as blocked blood vessels. This test is done if you have symptoms of heart disease, such as chest pains or palpitations.
Eye
Eyes tested every 1-2 years, especially if you have visual impairments. In addition to impaired vision, examination of the child examines the possibility of lazy eye or crossed eyes. Whereas in adults, the examination can determine the condition:
Retinopathy, damage to blood vessels in the back of the eye due to diabetes.
Glaucoma, optic nerve damage and increased eye pressure.
Cataracts, eyes misty.
Related tests may include:
Examination of the retina: eye drops of a special liquid for enlarged cornea, then lit so the doctor can see the structure of the eye.
Examination of the eye muscles: the doctor will see you eye movements.
Examination of visual acuity: using posters bearing the letters.
Examination with a slit lamp to examine the eyelids, eyelashes, cornea, iris, lens, and a fluid space between the cornea and iris.
Perimetry tests to check the ability of the eyes look to the side without moving the eyeballs.
Tests intraocular pressure (tonometry) to check the pressure in the eye.
Skin
To detect skin cancer, can be inspected and, if necessary, a sampling of skin or a skin biopsy. Skin cancer is the growth of cells in the skin uncontrollably.
Tests can be performed immediately when discovered abnormal changes in the skin, such as a bump; moles that change color, size, or bloody; or the presence of abnormal tissue in the skin of red, white, blue, or black with an irregular border.
Ear
Perform a hearing test (audiometry) if you have a hearing loss. Audiometry is used to evaluate the possibility of deafness, determine the type and degree of hearing loss. Examination in infants and children is necessary to detect hearing problems that may impair the ability to learn, speak, and understand language. Inspection is done by looking at your response to the sound.
Tooth
Nobody is free of plaque and tartar. Therefore, the necessary routine dental exam every six months early to detect conditions such as abscesses or abscess caused by infection, decay between the teeth, jaw bone loss, tooth impaction due to wisdom teeth grow abnormally, cyst or tumor.
If the tartar is found, the doctor will clean it up or scaling. In addition, if found signs of problems with teeth, required further examination with X-ray to determine the medical treatment required.
Bone
Bone density test aims to determine bone strength and helps diagnose osteoporosis (brittle bones). Inspection carried out by X-ray or CT scan. Tests need to be performed by women aged 65 years and over, men aged 70 years and over, or anyone who is at risk of osteoporosis. Risk factors include the use of steroids in the long term, smoking, consumption of alcohol, the weight is too low, or there is a family history of osteoporosis.
more
In addition to the above checks, several other tests may be required such as examination of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and hepatitis B for people who are sexually active and have more than one sex partner, as well as lung disease screening for heavy smokers. Here are some diseases including STDs as well as the necessary checks.
Gonorrhea, require a urine test. In some cases the required sampling fluid from the urethral tract in men and cervix in women, as well as the throat.
Genital herpes, the doctor will examine the symptoms and take a sample of your wound.
HIV, require antibodies (immunoassays).
Syphilis, require blood tests and examination of fluid from the wound syphilis.
Hepatitis B, hepatitis B examination for the same HIV testing, which is taking a blood sample to determine the presence and activity of the disease.
How much a person smokes can be measured by the number of pack-year smoking. Figures pack-year smoking a person is measured by multiplying the number of packs of cigarettes consumed per day by the number of years he smoked. So for example, someone who spent two packs of cigarettes every day for four years, he called having 8 pack-year smoking. Here are some specific risks associated with heavy smokers and the necessary checks.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), requires a lung function test that measures the amount of air in the lungs, the speed of incoming and outgoing air, as well as the use of X-rays of the chest.
Lung cancer, need a CT scan. People aged 55-80 years with a 30 pack-year smoking or smoke more and are still active or has stopped in the last 15 years, as well as anyone who has lung cancer risk after consultation with the doctor, you should do this check.
In addition to medical check-ups mentioned above, make sure you also know the specific examinations to detect some types of cancer, which can occur silently, without causing any symptoms. Medical check-up is a precaution that is effective in detecting the presence of the risk of disease in the body. Do it regularly to prevent the development of more severe level of disease in the future. ca-pub
